Q1. Alkalinity is a water characteristic that quantifies the capacity of water to neutralize acids, namely, accepts hydrogen ions H+. Alkalinity of natural water is mainly due to the presence of two forms of the carbonate ions denoted as HCO3 and CO2 that act as a buffer system. Alkalinity prevents sudden changes in the acidity level of water and, hence, is important for fish and other aquatic life. It is measured in mg/L of CaCO3. A minimum alkalinity of 20 mg/L as CaCO3 is recommended for environmental waters and levels between 25 and 400 mg/L are generally beneficial for aquatic life. If 1 L sample of a groundwater contains 0.35 g of HCO3, 0.12 g CO2, and the pH is 7.4. Calculate the alkalinity of this water as CaCO3. How does the sample alkalinity compare to natural water alkalinity. Q2. A sample of water is analyzed to find out if the ions are balanced. Concentration is in mg/L. Ca 92, Mg2+=34, Na=8.2, K*=1.4, Fe(III) =0.1, HCO₁ =325, SO₁²=84, CI=9.6, NO₁ = 13 A- Check if the ions are balanced. B- Calculate the water TDS in mg/l. C-Classify the water hardness. D- Calculate alkalinity.