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categoryرياضيات
schoolبكالوريوس
event_available2026-07-13
السؤال
Transcribed Image Text:
(1 pt) Let f (t, x) be a smooth function of variables t and x, and let W₂ be a Wiener process. According to Ito calculus,
(1) (dW)² = dt
(2) dt dW₁ = 0
(3) (dt)² = 0
The goal is to find a formula for df for f (t, W₁), which will be a version of Ito's Lemma.
Taylor expansion of f about (t, x) gives
(4) f(t+At, x+Ax) − f(t, x) =
-
At+
Ax+
Use subscript notation for partial derivatives: type
(At)²+
a²ƒ
Ətəx
as ftx.
Replacing with Wt. At with dt and Ax with dW gives
(5) df = f(t+dt, W₁ + dW₁) − f(t,W₁) =
-
dt+
dW₁+
(dt)2+
(At)(Ax)+
(Ax)²+...
(dt) (dW)+
(dW)²+
Use subscript notation for partials: type fxx(x, W₁) as just fxx.
Now using (1)-(3) and neglecting higher order terms, equation (5) reduces to
(6) df =
dt+
dWt
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