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categoryهندسة كهربائية schoolبكالوريوس event_available2026-07-13

السؤال

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Task (1): For the Howland circuit, shown in Figure (1), find expressions for the Op-Amp output voltage and the load current, as functions of Vs, and the resistors network. R3 R1 w RL R4 w 9V R2 www For the special case (R1/R2 = R3/R4): ⚫ calculate the load current, and Figure (1) ⚫ find the range of V, to avoid saturation. Task (2): Via choosing proper values for the resistors network and Vs, simulate the design of task (1) using both parameter and DC sweep analysis to prove that the circuit is acting as a VCCS for the following ranges of the load. 0≤R≤1k, and 0≤RL≤ 10 kn, and • 0≤RL≤ 100 kn.

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