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categoryالكيمياء schoolبكالوريوس event_available2026-07-15

السؤال

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a) Photolysis reactions are sustained or commenced by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. An example of photolysis rection is the synthesis of chloromethane from methane and chlorine which is initiated by HCI(g) in the presence of light via ultraviolet irradiation: CH2(g) + Cl₂ (g) + hv → CH3Cl (g) + HCl (g) where hv represents light The hypothesised mechanism steps for this reaction are given as follows: Chain Initiation step: Cl₂ 2C1 Kp Chain propagation steps: CH₁₂+ Cl CH3 +HCI Kp2 . Chain termination steps: KC2H6 Kez CH3 +Cl₂ CH₂Cl + Cl 2CH3 C2H6 . CH3 +CL CH3Cl By assuming chain initiation step occurs irreversibly; (i) Derive the rate expressions for byproducts, C2H6 (g) and HCI (g), taking into account pseudo steady-state approximations on the radicals involved. (13 marks) (ii) Derive the overall rate law for the formation of chloromethane by considering both termination steps are significant. If termination step 2 is dominant in the reaction, determine the possible rate expression and conclude your finding. (17 marks)

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