Density (g/cm³) Q1) A hollow cylinder to be made from coarse copper powder and to have a ductility of 20% reduction of area. The solid-state sintering of the green compact resulted in a linear shrinkage of 5%. The dimensions given in Figure 1 are for the green compact. If the part is to be compacted using a die and an upper punch, then find the following using data in Figure 2: a. The green density b. The compacting force c. The initial volume of the powder (before compaction) d. Assume you are an engineer in a company and you are asked to reduce the shrinkage that takes place during sintering, what would you do at any stage during Powder Metallurgy process to achieve this objective? 40 mm 20 mm 40 mm Figure 1: hollow cylinder c. If the force applied in part b is divided equally between an upper and a bottom Punches, then find the density at 1- Middle section of the part 2- Bottom of the part. use the following to solve part d (Px=P, e-4x/(DD), μ=0.12, k = 0.3) MPS 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 03 200 Density of copper Density of iron 02 Apparent Density Capper powder, co 3.49 giom³ 0.1 Copper powder. fine 1.44 Iron powder, coarse Iron powder, 2.75 1.40 10 20 40 60 80 100 Ibin Tensile strength (MPa) 150 psix 10 15 100 20 bins 0.29 0.30 0.31 T 0.32 30 Tensile streng 40 100 25 Conductivity Elongation 10 20 8.0 8.2 8.4 8.8 8.8 Compacting pressure (ton) (8) Sintered density (g/cm³) (b) Figure 2: Density of copper- and iron-powder compacts as a function of compacting pressure. Density greatly influences the mechanical and physical properties of P/M parts. Source: After F.V. Lenel. (b) Effect of density on tensile strength, elongation, and electrical conductivity of copper powder. (IACS is International Annealed Copper Standard for electrical conductivity). 30 35 Elongation (%) 25 85 90 95 Electrical conductivity (%IACS)