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categoryالتربية
schoolبكالوريوس
event_available2026-07-15
السؤال
Transcribed Image Text:
The ACM Communications reported at the end of 2019 that a high-value commodity that makes a lot of
economic sense to deliver via drone is medicine, also known as "leapfrog" technology.
The market need is clear: when it comes to perishable medical samples or life-saving vaccines, time is of the
essence, and few technologies are better at traversing crowded or hard-to-reach areas than aerial drones. This
is so true for the rural areas of KwaZulu-Natal. As a pilot study, the Ngwelezane Hospital is used as a hub to
distribute medicines to remote areas in the close vicinity using drones. When the nurse at a clinic makes a
diagnosis that needs emergency medication, she immediately reports to the administration assistant who will
send a text message to Ngwelezane Hospital Services (NHS). The text message will contain information about
the patient, the diagnosis, and of course supporting facts of the emergency. The clinic personnel are structured
in such a way that the nurse can be seen as a type of administration assistant, because she can diagnose
patients as well as in certain cases send messages to NHS. Of course, the administration assistant is not
allowed to diagnose patients, although she is a qualified nurse.
When the Hospital Services receives the message, they inform and authorises the drone pilot for the flight. The
pilot will do a pre-flight check on the drone, and as part of this check, he always checks the weather conditions.
When, during the flight, the drone experiences problems, the pilot will take over manually, and so will override
the automated functions to ensure the safe delivery and return of the drone. Unfortunately, even during this
manual override, pilots will sometimes suffer from pilot fatigue, and as such, becomes a risk. Whenever this
happens, counter measures have to be taken, like asking assistance from other pilots, as an example.
Part of the use case "Pre-flight Check", the pilot will initialise the settings (via the drone's interface), and the
drone/controller will validate the initial settings. After validation, the pilot will initialise the mapping sequences
and at the same time the supervisor will load and secure the load.
When that is done, the drone will run the auto-mapping sequence. It will check the traced path, and if the path
has any unexplored areas, the drone will re-run the auto-mapping settings. Otherwise it will update the controller
settings. It then will inform the pilot of completion and the status of the mapping sequence. The pilot will then
shut down the system via the interface.
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