10.84 Wing Length. D. Cristol et al. published results of their stud- ies of two subspecies of dark-eyed juncos in the article "Migratory Dark-Eyed Juncos, Junco Hyemalis, Have Better Spatial Memory and Denser Hippocampal Neurons than Nonmigratory Conspecifics" (An- imal Behaviour, Vol. 66, pp. 317-328). One of the subspecies mi- grates each year, and the other does not migrate. Several physical characteristics of 14 birds of each subspecies were measured, one of which was wing length. The following data, based on results obtained by the researchers, provide the wing lengths, in millimeters (mm), for the samples of two subspecies. Migratory Nonmigratory 84.5 81.0 82.6 82.1 82.4 83.9 82.8 84.5 81.2 87.1 84.6 85.1 80.5 82.1 82.3 86.3 86.6 83.9 80.1 83.4 81.7 84.2 84.3 86.2 83.0 79.7 87.8 84.1 a. At the 1% significance level, do the data provide sufficient evi- dence to conclude that the mean wing lengths for the two sub- species are different? (Note: The mean and standard deviation for the migratory-bird data are 82.1 mm and 1.501 mm, respectively, and that for the nonmigratory-bird data are 84.9 mm and 1.698 mm, respectively.) b. Would it be reasonable to use a pooled t-test here? Explain your answer. c. If your answer to part (b) was yes, then perform a pooled t-test to answer the question in part (a) and compare your results to that found in part (a) by using a nonpooled t-test.