1. Structural components of factorial design In the April 27, 2009, issue of The New Yorker magazine, Margaret Talbot described how a variety of people take drugs intended to treat disorders such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, narcolepsy, and epilepsy in an attempt to enhance brain function so that they may function at a higher level. Talbot explained that proponents of this cosmetic use of the drugs argue that the drugs allow people to reach their full potential, whereas critics warn that the drugs have not been tested for these off-label uses and some may be addictive or harmful. Consider the results of a study in which a researcher is concerned about the effect cosmetic drug use may have on incidence of headaches in rodeo clowns. The researcher collected data on how frequently the drugs are used (twice daily or once daily) and the type of hypothetical drugs being used (Stimulate, Fokas, and ConcenTrate). The researcher defines the first factor as the Frequency of Use and the second factor as the Drug Type. There are factors. Frequency of Use has levels, and Drug Type has levels. This is a by design. Identify any or all example(s) of a simple effect below: The effect of Fokas when taken twice daily is greater than when taken once daily. Stimulate has a greater effect than Fokas regardless of frequency. The effect of Stimulate is much stronger when taken twice daily compared to once daily, whereas the effect of Fokas is much weaker when taken once daily compared to twice daily. Taking a drug twice daily is more effective than taking it weekly regardless of which drug is being taken. There are by factors. Frequency of Use has design. levels, and Drug Type has levels. This is a Identify any or all example(s) of a simple effect below: The effect of Fokas when taken twice daily is greater than when taken once daily. Stimulate has a greater effect than Fokas regardless of frequency. The effect of Stimulate is much stronger when taken twice daily compared to once daily, whereas the effect of Fokas is much weaker when taken once daily compared to twice daily. Taking a drug twice daily is more effective than taking it weekly regardless of which drug is being taken. Identify any or all example(s) of a main effect below: Taking a drug twice daily is more effective than taking it weekly regardless of which drug is being taken. When taken twice daily, the effect of Stimulate and Fokas is greater than that of ConcenTrate. The effect of Fokas when taken twice daily is greater than when taken once daily. The effect of Stimulate is much stronger when taken twice daily compared to once daily, whereas the effect of Fokas is much weaker when taken once daily compared to twice daily. Identify any or all example(s) of an interaction effect below: Stimulate has no effect at any of the frequencies, Fokas is only effective when taken twice daily, and ConcenTrate is only effective when taken twice daily compared to once daily. The effect of Stimulate is much stronger when taken twice daily compared to once daily, whereas the effect of Fokas is much weaker when taken once daily compared to twice daily. Taking a drug twice daily is more effective than taking it weekly regardless of which drug is being taken. When taken twice daily, the effect of Stimulate and Fokas is greater than that of ConcenTrate.