1. A small truck has a four-cylinder, four-liter CI engine that operates on the air-standard Dual-cycle using light diesel fuel at an air-fuel ratio of 18. The compression ratio of the engine is 16 and the cylinder bore is 10.0 cm. At the start of the compression stroke, conditions in the cylinder are 60C and 100 kPa with a 2% exhaust residual. It can be assumed that half of the heat input from combustion is added at constant volume and half at constant pressure. The heating value for light diesel is 42,500 kJ/kg. Do a cold air-standard analysis and calculate: a) temperature and pressure at each state of the cycle b) Indicated thermal efficiency c) Exhaust temperature d) Air temperature in the intake manifold e) Engine volumetric efficiency